Central & South America, regions rich in biodiversity, boasts a remarkable variety of ecosystems, both terrestrial and marine. It’s ecological richness supports a wide range of life forms.

Along its coastlines, Central America features extensive coral reefs, mangroves as well as sandy beaches that provide habitats for numerous marine species. Whilst the land is characterized by lush rainforests, arid plains and lush cloud forests (unique ecosystems where high humidity and consistent cloud cover nurture an array of flora and fauna, including many endemic species).

South America covering such a vast area from the tropical equatorial region in the north to the dramatic landscapes of Patagonia in the south, hosts a multitude of unique biodiversity hotspots. The Amazon Rainforest, the world’s largest tropical rainforest, teems with an incredible variety of plants, animals, and insects. The Andes mountains, running along the continent’s western edge with breathtaking coastlines, provide diverse habitats at varying altitudes, home to many endemic species. In contrast, Patagonia’s windswept plains, rugged mountains, and pristine fjords support a unique array of wildlife adapted to its diverse climate conditions. The multitude of ecosystems across the continent highlights South America’s unparalleled biodiversity.

The Galápagos Islands, located approximately 1,000 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador, is a volcanic archipelago renowned as one of the world’s premier wildlife-viewing destinations. This Ecuadorian province boasts a diverse array of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic. Charles Darwin visited the islands in 1835 and his observations of their unique species contributed to the development of his theory of evolution.

Find out more on our Americas and Pacific destination pages.